Essay --

Retinitis pigmentosa is a genetic disorder that causes blindness in the people that are affected by it. I chose retinitis pigmentosa because my grandmother has this genetic disorder. The disorder is very costly on those who have it. The disorder has robbed my grandmother of the life she wanted. She is no longer able to do the things she once was. She is legally blind, cannot drive, and has trouble getting around crowded areas. Retinitis pigmentosa was discovered by Doctor Donders in 1857. Retinitis pigmentosa is a very serious disorder in how it occurs, its signs and symptoms, its prevalence, and how its treated. Retinitis pigmentosa is caused by damage to the retina of the eye. The retina is the light sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the eye. The retina focuses images in the brain and then sends them via electrical signals up to the brain. The retina is a very important part of the eye to help a person see. What is affected in the retina from this disorder are the rods in the eye. The rods allow a person to see in the dark. Retinitis pigmentosa slowly causes the rods in the eye to deteriorate over time. Retinitis pigmentosa also can cause the cones in people’s eyes to deteriorate. If a person’s cones deteriorate first, then the person first develops blindness in the center of their eye and they lose some of their color vision. This form of retinitis pigmentosa is much rarer than the form that deteriorates the rods in the eyes. Retinitis pigmentosa can be caused in a person in numerous ways. It normally runs in families, however, it can also be caused from a mutation. We believe my grandmother developed the disorder from a genetic mutation, as no one else in my family has ever had the disorder or has developed it as of... ...al health. Wearing sunglasses to protect your eyes also slows the affects, as sunglasses put less strain on the retinas. Quitting smoking at any point in life can help preserve retinal health. Smoking has been linked to retinal damage. The prognosis for those with retinitis pigmentosa is they will live just as long as a normal person. Early death is not linked to retinitis pigmentosa. The only problems that the person will have are vision problems. Each person has a different experience with retinitis pigmentosa. No one case is like another. The genetic disorder retinitis pigmentosa is very serious. It is very complex, as it has multiple ways to be inherited. The symptoms are serious and handicap the victims for life. It is very prevalent in society, and there is no treatment. Future research into this debilitating disorder will offer hope to those affected by it.

Student Achievement Essay -- Education Class Size School Essays

Student Achievement This is a research paper I did to see if class size is related to student achievement. I used two studies to see if class size was related to student achievement. When you read my paper you will gain the knowledge of how controversial this issue is. It shows the actual findings of two studies. My paper shows how younger kids are benefiting from the smaller classes. There is still ongoing research to really decide if smaller really is better. Many parents and teachers desire smaller classes for their children. However, are smaller classes necessarily increasing student achievement? It has been an assumption that if a student is in a small class setting, there are fewer distractions and the learning experience is greater. People feel children have more individualized attention, which may lead young students towards greater academic success. Research has been conducted across the country to see if smaller class size is really better. The number of students in a classroom recently became a controversial issue. There has been research that shows that class size depends on many variables. Some of these variables include the age level of students, subject matter taught, and instructional methods used. â€Å"Recent statistical syntheses of this research reveal that the instructional benefits of smaller classes are most significant for classes numbering under twenty students; in those with twenty five to forty students class size has little overall effect on educational quality† (Ellis, 1984, p.1). The benefits of a smaller class include increased one-on-one learning between the student and the teacher. This also allows the teacher to ascertain a student’s learning ability. If there are fewer stude... ..., Smith, P, Zahorik, J, Halbach, A, Ehrle, K, Hoffman, L, & Cross, B. (2001). 2000-2001 Evaluation results of the student achievement guarantee in education (SAGE) program. Retrieved April 28, 2003 from the World Wide Web at http://www.asu.edu/educ/epsl/SAGE/annual_reports/2000-2001%20Evaluation/epru-0201-104.htm#overview â€Å"Sage Initiative Evaluation†. (February 2002). Sage and direct instruction projects. Retrieved April 28, 2003 from the World Wide Web at http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/CERAI/sage.html. This website was about Project SAGE. It explained exactly what the study intended to do. For example, it planned to: Reduce the student-teacher ratio in their classrooms to 15:1 in grades K-3; Stay open extended hours (creating "lighted schoolhouses"); Develop rigorous academic curriculums; and, Implement plans for staff development and professional accountability.

Marxist Understanding of Family Essay

Examine the Marxist contribution to our understanding of the family The Marxists society view family through the eyes of capitalism and that the proletariat (the working class) solely benefit the bourgeoisie (the ruling class), whereas a functionalists perspective of family is that they should benefit both society and individual members of the family, however, Marists argue family is simply an instrument of the ruling class. Marxists believe family in today’s society perform key ideological functions for capitalism, a set of ideas/beliefs that justify inequality, a system that persuades the public into accepting this is a fair and natural way to act in society. Capitalism is an economic system in which private ownership controls all of the means of production for profit and exploits the proletariat class, selling their products for more money than paying the working class for their labour. Benefits that the family provide through capitalism include the inheritance of private property, socialisation into acceptance of inequality and a source of profits – all of these which do not benefit the members of the family. Capitalism leads to family playing a major role in profits as they are the market for the sale of consumer goods. Family fulfil this role by persuading families to ‘keep up with the Joneses’ by consuming the latest products, ‘pester power’ which persuades parents to spend more on their children, especially if their child do not have the latest gadgets, clothes etc. nd being mocked because of this. The capitalist system requires nuclear monogamous relationships as it is needed for private ownership, as said by Friedrich Engels. A sociologist, Friedrich Engels, alongside Karl Marx, studied family from a Marxist perspective and traced the changes of family to the mode of production. Engels explains that society has not always been exploited by the bourgeoisie, in fact, the means of production were collectively owned. Engels theorized that as society changed, more restrictions of norms and values in a family were placed on sexual relationships and the production of children. Primitive communism was described as a large promiscuous horde; however, family and marriage have evolved through stages which included polygyny evolving into the monogamous nuclear family. This form of family is believed to have developed to solve the problem of inheritance of private property because there would be no confusion about the paternity of their offspring, whereas a promiscuous horde would have difficulty defining who the father of their offspring was. Gough approves of Engel’s views claiming they have a ‘sound basis’ agreeing that when the means of production is shared tend to be have larger units, however, as the means of production moves towards private ownership, the family size decreases. Nevertheless, criticisms against Engels’ theory by Lewis Henry Morgan claimed Engels’ studies are a ‘figment of his imagination’, due to the fact Morgan found out that monogamous marriages and the nuclear family existed. However, Eli Zaretsky’s view on family is linked to the Marxist view, that they are just a unit of consumption – the ‘major consumer of capitalist products’ – and that the ‘modern capitalist society creates an illusion’ of private family life as the family cannot meet its family’s needs. Zaretsky sees that the family is an apparent ‘safe haven’ due to the fact individuals were alienated at work which built up stress, however, families were unable to provide for the personal needs of its members. Family basically provided satisfactions which were unavailable out in public. Zaretsky argues that the ideology of the private family life is separate from the economy as he also feels the bourgeoisie exploit the proletariat for their own gains. Marxists feel that there are many institutions that the capitalist system are maintaining within society such as education – which provides secondary socialisation which prepares children for adult life, working for the bourgeoisie, and institution of healthcare from the NHS who provides free healthcare. This is also seen to benefit the bourgeoisie as free medical care for patients mean they will recover quicker in order to go back to work and serve interests of capitalism. However, these perspectives from a Marxists view of family are highly criticized for being too deterministic, not giving enough credit to individuals, overly emphasizing the importance of the economic system’s effect on family structures. Critics also suggest Marxists are too negative on family, ignoring realistic benefits of the family such as intimacy and mutual support rather than reproduction just to provide the next generation. Also, this perspective on family is proved to be very outdated as the rise of alternative family and types of household have changed within society over the years and the fact that Marxism blame capitalism for lack of responsibility in individuals, even in non-capitalist countries such as Cuba, where do the problems come from there if they do not suffer capitalism? Other opposing perspectives of the Marxist view on family come from Feminists who argue that Marxists emphasize on social class, underestimating the importance of gender inequalities within the family and Functionalists such as Parsons believe that family are not present to serve capitalism. Talcott Parsons believes the family is like a ‘warm bath’ in which family life helps individuals relieves their stresses from work at home. To conclude, the Marxist view of family proves to be quite negative on the concept of family, stating that the proletariat are being exploited by the bourgeoisie as a unit of consumption (said by Zaretsky), and other than that, serve no other purpose but to reproduce for the inheritance of property (said by Engels). Edmund Leach, although not a Marxist, has a consensus view of family, pointing out problems found within the nuclear family, presenting a pessimistic view of the family. Leach says that today’s domestic household is isolated with large amounts of emotional stress in individuals which results into the nuclear family becoming ‘like an overloaded electrical circuit’ causing ‘fuses to blow due to high demands’. Because of this, conflict is present – parents begin to fight and children rebel. Leach’s view is diametrically opposed to the Functionalists as Parsons feels that the nuclear family makes up a supportive unit, whereas Zaretsky thinks that this view is too positive and this ‘happy family’ is an illusion and is a fake impression of reality. However, Engels believe that the nuclear family did not exist in pre-industrial society, but promiscuous hordes did – now in today’s society, that has changed due to serial monogamy being seen as a set norm and inheritance can function for capitalism. Feminists disagree saying that this perspective ignores gender, Morgan stating that Engels has imagined this theory and Functionalists claiming the nuclear family is in fact a natural process, not deliberately changed for the bourgeoisie.

Positive nonverbal messages Essay

From the manner we dress to the manner we move. our gestural signals can uncover a great trade about our emotions. perceptual experiences and purposes. When a individual is speaking or listening. he sends uninterrupted messages consciously or unconsciously through his organic structure motions. such as the manner he holds his caput. the angle at which he hold his organic structure. his motions of limbs and his altering facial looks. This sort of communicating in which no verbal linguistic communication is used comes under the class of non verbal communicating. Harmonizing to Knapp & A ; Hall ( 2002 ) non verbal communicating refers to communicating that is produced by some agencies other than words. e. g. . oculus contact. organic structure linguistic communication or vocal cues. The significance of gestural communicating. in set uping interpersonal relationships. is far greater than any one can believe of. Harmonizing to experts. a significant part of our communicating is gestural. On the footing of its consequence gestural communicating can be classified under following three classs. 1. POSITIVE NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION – Positive gestural messages puts the other individual at easiness. When a individual expresses an unfastened and positive attitude towards the individual with whom he is interacting. it creates a supportive and collaborative ambiance. Use of positive non-verbal communicating helps a individual to go more effectual and successful. It significantly affects the degree of interpersonal relationship. It besides determines the overall feeling people form about a individual. There are several types of positive non verbal indexs. For illustration turning face to the transmitter. tilting somewhat frontward towards him bespeak that he is interested. . Noding to show apprehension. smiling or touching the individual gently are other types of positive non verbal cues. The oculus contact is most effectual non verbal cue to accomplish the end of deriving someone’s trust. The manner one uses his organic structure and limbs. his eyes and face. will hold a major influence on how his non verbal messages are perceived. 2. NEGATIVE NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION – Sometimes not verbal organic structure motions. gestures and facial looks generate disinterest & A ; misgiving. It creates a province of confusion on the portion of the receiving system. The type of communicating which comes under the above class is known as negative gestural communicating. Negative gestural messages shackles collaborative and supportive environment. To guarantee effectual communicating one must avoid giving such type of cues. Gazing or staring at other can make force per unit area and tenseness between the receiving system and the transmitter. Negative facial look. devious eyes. excessively much eye blink suggest misrepresentation Eyebrow musculus draws the superciliums down and toward the centre of the face if person is annoyed. Talking to person without keeping the oculus contact is deflecting and frequently interpreted as insulting. If a individual keeps speaking on phone or keeps working on the computing machine during the conversation. it shows that he is non interested. 3. NEUTRAL NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION –This is the type of gestural communicating which have neither positive or negative consequence on the receiving system. The type of organic structure motions. positions and tone which have impersonal consequence on the receiving systems feelings and emotions comes under this class. It is really hard to label any non verbal cue as impersonal. Peoples attach intending even to a impersonal message. During listening one seldom can remain soundless for long. silence in some cases may be treated as impersonal non verbal communicating. If it lasts more than for 5-6 seconds so it turns into a negative cue. Sounds like ‘Mmm’ . ‘Ah’ and ‘Hmmm’ when used in a impersonal manner invite scholar to go on speaking. CONCLUSION – Sending clear gestural messages and understanding right the message send by person. mostly depends upon the manner how you are comprehending the entire state of affairs. and the individual with whom you are pass oning. Your head set and the environment in which the communicating is taking topographic point besides find how you interpret and react to the non verbal messages. Interpretation of the messages depends upon past experiences. feelings. attitude and socio cultural background of the receiving system. Communication can be misperceived if the beginning and the receiving system does non portion common experiences and common frame of mention. REFERENCES Knapp. M. L & A ; Hall. J. A ( 2002 ) Non Verbal Communication in Human Interaction. Crawfordsville. Inch: Thompson Learning Smith. T. E. & A ; Gartin B. C. Murdick. N. L. & A ; Hilton. A ( 2006 ) : Positive Indicator Of Non Verbal Communication Pearson Allyn Bacon Prentice Hall retrieved on 13th May. 2010 Windle. R & A ; Warren. S Communication Skills retrieved on 13th May 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. directionservice. org/cadre/section4. cfm

Size 0 Ban

Jenny’s 2nd rebuttal (: (2 minutes) Size zero In our society, image is everything. We strive for what is considered to be the â€Å"ideal appearance†. For the modern generation, fashion is uppermost. For some girls their ambition is to become â€Å"size zero†. We want or need to show we are following the latest fashion trends. However, recent news reports indicate that size zero models are so obsessed with their size that they become anorexic. Being fascinated by the fashion industry myself, it is important to explore the question: â€Å"Why should or should not size zero models be allowed to walk on the catwalk? Size zero models should not be allowed on the catwalk. They are a bad influence on teenage girls who desire to look like these size zero â€Å"role† models. Young girls who attempt a â€Å"zero† do not develop as they should. They are more likely to have severe health concerns later on in life. Also Karl Largerfield from Chanel explained t hat the fashion industry only used skinny models becasue they were literally meant to be moving mannequins/hangers so that the clothes would be seen at their minimum potential.But the media twisted things. A further argument that we frequently encounter, is that size zero puts pressure on young women who are overweight. By comparing themselves to â€Å"zeros† young women only achieve low self-esteem. They are made to think they are unattractive. They go through the stress of unsafe cosmetic surgeries such as tummy tucks, to appear like fashion icons. Celebrity nutritionist Dr Adam Carey says that, â€Å"I think the current vogue is disgusting. I think it is very unhealthy. It is also argued that many girls who are wanting to become models in the future, put themselves through a lot of anxiety to be slim, so they get accepted in the fashion industry. These girls attempt to try to be lean by starving themselves which can result in eating disorders. Some people believe that siz e zero models should not be banned because they have the same right as everyone else to become a model. However, if everyone did have the right to become a model, then the runways would be filled with a wide variety of different sized girls, not just the same tiny girls over and over again.You can't see what's horrible about only taking models who are underweight? And it's a lot different to ask for brunette models only: What about the size 5 models who want to be in this organization? They would have to lose weight, and we all know the dire consequences that can arise out of this. It's disgusting that a requirement they have is to be amongst the skinniest of the skinniest. It's quite obvious that girls are needing to become smaller and smaller for the modeling industry. Just imagine what it's gonna be like for girls in the future.

Perception vs Reality

She as a married woman who has become pregnant; the only complication is the at her husband has not returned to Boston. The Puritan society believes that engaging in intimate relations with one who is not married to them is a sin. Hester has to stand on a scaffold for seven real hours and permanently wear a scarlet letter ‘A' as punishment. When she first walks out of prison, some of the older towns women shout; saying she should be branded, or even execute De (34). Hester has accepted her punishment as given by their government and church yet reject De it.She believed that what she has done was not a sin due to its loving nature and its source, t e true love of her heart (55). After the passing of time, the community's opinion of Hester slowly changes. The town begins to think of Hester more of a human, and less of a living sermon toward s Chapter 13: Another View of Hester. They realize that her stigma of her sin, the scarlet let ere, is not showing Hotel 3 that she was an ad ulterer but that she is able (108). They notice all of her char itty work that she has done without being asked.She does all of the dirty, disgusting, dishonors blew jobs that no one else wants to do because she feels as if someone should do it. Hester, though accepting the enmeshment, believes it is wrong because it was justified. The reality is that eve en though she sinned in God's eye, she did it from true love, and it inevitably happened thro ugh human nature. Hester was not alone as the one who sinned, and his identity is revealed slow y in the middle of the novel, and established greatly by chapter 12. Ironically, Hester fellow sinner is the town's most prominent Reverend, Reeve rend Timescale. Until his final sermon, in which he reveals that he is the father 0 f Pearl, no one except Hester and Chlorinating knew of his hidden guilt. The entire town Para seed and admired Timescale. At any sermon in which he says that he is the most sinful man, t hey do not question him. The pe ople look at him with pure awe and feeling that he is the greatest because he admits that he too can sin because he is human. The entire settlement of Boston bell eve that Timescale was the most righteous man they have ever met, and he was the IR only chance Of salvation so they can go to heaven if predestined.Through Damselfly's eve rigidifies facade, you can find the truth in which he hides. Timescale is not the Bible bound man everyone believes he is, he is the one who helped create the scalded elf child, Pearl. Timescale also shows his true cowardice in Chapter 1 2: The Ministers Vigil. When pearl asks Timescale, â€Å"Wilt thou stand here with mother and me, tomorrow noontide? † , Timescale responds with, â€Å"Not so, my child. Shall, indeed, stand with thy mother and thee one other day, but not tomorrow! At the great judgment day † , (102).Pear I did not admire his response, believing that he IS embarrassed to be seen with them. With Pee earl questioning him Hot el 4 so, Timescale shows his true fear of confessing his sin to the world in order to receive forgiveness from God. He shows his true hypocritical character, saying how p people should always confess their sins yet does not do so when he has sinned. Timescale is not the only individual that the people think is helpful and overall outstanding, yet is very c introductory of popular belief. Many of Boson's citizens failed to see the corruption in Roger Chlorinating w hen he first came about to Boston.Chlorinating came off as a complete stranger to almost everyone in the town, so many suspicions were not designated towards him. Roger was the e first man with medical experience which has come into Boston, and the citizens took advent age of the opportunity. The village welcomed Chlorinating with open arms and treated him as if he was already apart of the community. After a few years, Timescale becomes ill. T he entire town trusts Chlorinating so much that they ask him to watch over their beloved re veered, Timescale (80).Everyone feels ran_ACH more secure when Chi lingeringly become mess the spiritual guide for Timescale, in hopes that Chlorinating will cure his pains and help him reestablish himself as a healthy man he once was. Soon afterwards, the community becomes eerie of Chlorinating due to his p hysterical change. He looks more like an evil man, with long fingers, relating him to the Black Man, † grew to be a widely diffused opinion that the Reverend Arthur Timescale, ,was haunted either by Satan himself or Satin's emissary, in the guise of old Roger Chilling Roth. (85). There is only one person who truly knows Chlorinating for what he really is, a ND that's his wife, Hester Prone. Hester is the only person who knows Rogers true identity y as untold by him to anyone Roger Prone. Roger gives a false name from the start so the people of Boston Hotel 5 will not look at him differently because his wife sinned and had intimate relate ions with another man. While everyone assumes that Roger is indeed helping the Reverend, he I s truly torturing him.Roger tells Hester, â€Å"Even if imagine a scheme of vengeance, what could do better for my object than to let thee live,than to give thee medicines against all harm and p aril of life,so that this burning shame may still blaze upon thy bosom? † (49). Chlorinating does not care about the well being as the colony believes. The thing he wants to do is slowly tear apart Damselfly's soul layer by layer as if he was peeling the pages off of a book. Adults are not the only ones susceptible to being judged by society. Sometimes the most innocent beings, are looked upon as the most corrupt.Society often judges individuals before they even have a chance to defend the messes. Sometimes, society judges an individual before they can even walk. In The Sac role Letter, the society instantly judged Hester daughter, pearl, soon after she was born. The e town kids would throw mud at Hester and Pearl anytime they saw them, and none of them WA need to play with Pearl because she would attack them when they threatened either her mother r or herself (60). Even the towns highly appraised leaders disregard Pearl as hardly another huh an being (74).

Fascism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Fascism - Essay Example typical authoritarian political ideology is about maintaining the social class and economic status quo, Fascism was initially a revolutionary ideology and movement that wanted to change the status quo in favor of purification of the national race and cultural heritage. This was apparent during the Second World War in the nations of Germany, Italy, and Spain. Fascism grew popular in these countries due to several factors. The world economy was undergoing the Great Depression and many nations were trying to maintain themselves from slipping into total economic downfall. This led to the mentioned nations to focus more on their own national development and forego foreign trade and free enterprise for a more nationalized and regulated economy. Another factor would be the result of the Treaty of Versailles after the First World War, which especially hurt the national pride of Germany. Germany was stripped of its military strength and its position in world affairs. This led to the rise of the Fascist Nazi party which wanted to restore the pride of Germany while forwarding the glory of the Aryan race. Most of the people in these countries were drawn to Fascist rule because it appealed to their sense of national pride and beliefs during a hard time. Fascis t ideology inspired people because it made them believe that they can be strong as long as they are united as a race and group without the taint of outside or contrary political and cultural